Electric Vehicle Grid Integration: A Review of Methods and Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61705/rrb9s232Keywords:
Electric Vehicles, Charging Behavior, Grid In-tegration, Load Management, Renewable Energy Integration, Smart Charging, Vehicle-to-Grid, Voltage StabilityAbstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of electric vehicle (EV) charging behavior and its impact on power grid integration. With the rapid growth of EV adoption driven by environmental concerns and advancements in battery tech-nologies understanding charging demand patterns has become essential for efficient energy management. The study employs a systematic literature review approach using the PRISMA framework analyzing 20 high quality research papers selected from an initial pool of 200 studies. It explores key aspects such as EV charging technologies, user behavior, temporal and spatial charging patterns and their implications on grid stability. The findings highlight that EV charging demand is highly dynamic and influenced by factors such as user routines, charging infrastructure, pricing mechanisms and battery state of charge. Uncoordinated charging can lead to peak load issues, voltage instability and infrastructure stress, whereas smart charging and vehicle to grid (V2G) technologies can enhance grid reliability and efficiency. Additionally the study identifies emerging trends such as renewable energy integration, machine learning based forecasting and advanced optimization techniques. Overall the paper provides valuable insights into current research trends, challenges as well as opportunities for sustainable EV grid integration and efficient charging management.
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